Residential Universal Design Specifications
Chapter 1: Parking Areas
The universal design features in this chapter apply to single-family or multi-family residences that include parking for privately-owned vehicles.
2026 version. © The UD Project.
Section 1.1: Measurements
1.1.1 Parking space width ≥ 11 feet.
The width of usable parking space(s) should be no less than 11′ (132" or 335cm).
It’s essential to ensure a parking space can accommodate most passenger vehicles, especially those modified for accessibility.
1.1.2 Parking space length ≥ 20 feet.
The length of usable parking space(s) should be no less than 20′ (240" or 610cm).
1.1.3 Unobstructed width on all sides of parking space ≥ 3 feet.
The perimeter of a parking space should have no less than 3′ (36" or 91cm) of unobstructed width on all four sides.
People need room to move around all sides of a vehicle, regardless of whether a mobility device is used. Adequate space is needed to access the front and back of a vehicle, whether to get inside, load and unload items, or perform basic maintenance tasks.
1.1.4 Entrance height ≥ 8 feet.
The entrance height should be at least 8′ (96" or 244cm). This refers to the vertical distance between the parking surface and the lowest point of the entrance. When a garage door is open, this should be measured from the bottom edge of the door.
If clearance is inadequate, some vehicles may not fit under a covered area, making entering and exiting the vehicle difficult, especially in adverse weather. This is particularly relevant for accessible vehicles and roof attachments such as luggage boxes or bike carriers.
1.1.5 Parking space slope ≤ 1:50.
The parking area should have a slope of no more than 1:50 (1.15°) in any direction.
Exception:
If a nearly flat space is not feasible, slopes no more than 1:20 (2.86°) in any direction are adequate, though anything with wheels may roll when unattended.
Grading an area as close to level as possible will reduce the likelihood of wheeled items rolling away. If a ball can roll in any direction, so can anything with wheels: wheelchairs, strollers, carts, luggage, and similar items.
Section 1.2: Features
1.2.1 Covered and enclosed.
Parking areas should be covered and enclosed (i.e., a garage) for protection from the weather, security, and safety.
Exception:
If a garage is not practical due to finances or other constraints, a carport or other covered parking area is similarly functional, though the security of a fully enclosed space will not be available.
Covered and enclosed parking creates protection from sun, wind, rain, and snow. Loading and unloading items under a covered structure is easier and more comfortable regardless of health status. Garages that can be closed and secured also provide additional safety.
1.2.2 Power door opener.
Garage doors, or any doors used to access the parking area such as property gates, should be able to be opened and closed without having to exit a vehicle.
A remote-controlled door provides convenience and security, whether activated by a button or triggered by a sensor. Remote controls should have a simple interface with buttons that are easy to see and can be operated without twisting, pinching, or grasping motions.
1.2.3 Asphalt or concrete.
The parking surface should be asphalt or concrete, free from cracks, gaps, or bumps.
Exception:
If brick, pavers, or other solid surfaces are used, they must be level and installed in a way that minimizes the likelihood of becoming uneven over time, as uneven surfaces create trip and fall hazards.
Asphalt or concrete parking surfaces are the preferred option for people who rely on mobility support. They are smooth and even when well-maintained, and are less likely to cause someone to trip. Small cracks, gaps, or bumps that seem minor can catch a wheel or foot and throw off balance, creating a hazard for anyone using mobility devices, strollers, luggage, or similar wheeled items.
1.2.4 Evenly lit.
The entire parking area needs to be evenly lit with minimal areas of shadow. This will most likely require multiple light fixtures.
Evenly lit parking areas are essential. A single overhead light in a garage or a single pole light in a driveway is inadequate. Single lights tend to cast shadows and can be sources of glare. Multiple lights can illuminate areas that would otherwise remain in shadow. Shadows can conceal barriers that are hazardous to anyone walking near a vehicle, particularly people with vision impairments or decreased balance.
Recommended: indirect and low lighting. Using indirect ambient lighting and low lighting that illuminates the floor without visible bare bulbs or translucent covers is ideal. Indirect lighting reduces eye strain and is more comfortable than direct lighting. The option to adjust lighting intensity with a dimmer should be incorporated wherever possible.
1.2.5 Automatic lighting activation.
Lights need to be able to be activated before exiting a vehicle.
Triggering lights automatically via proximity or motion-activated switches, or on a timer, contributes to ease of use and security. Hands-free activation is particularly useful for people who have limited dexterity or whose hands are occupied when arriving or departing.